The consolidated product (referred to as "Consolidated" in the download form) uses reanalysis atmospheric forcing (ERA-40 until 1978 and ERA-Interim from 1979 to 2014) and re-processed observations. The ORAS5 data is forced by either global atmospheric reanalysis (for the consolidated product) or the ECMWF/IFS operational analysis (for the operational product) and is also constrained by observational data of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea-ice concentration, global-mean-sea-level trends and climatological variations of the ocean mass.
![volleyball referee signals volleyball referee signals](https://www.shutterstock.com/shutterstock/photos/274507361/display_1500/stock-vector-basketball-referees-officials-hand-signals-stick-figure-pictogram-icons-274507361.jpg)
NEMOVAR uses the so-called 3D-Var FGAT (First Guess at Appropriate Time) assimilation technique, which assimilates sub-surface temperature, salinity, sea-ice concentration and sea-level anomalies. The OCEAN5 reanalysis system uses the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean model and the NEMOVAR ocean assimilation system.
![volleyball referee signals volleyball referee signals](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e4/bc/1b/e4bc1b004d9a8ece28e1ad25f1d0d24d.jpg)
the data are continuous in time, and the assimilation system provides information on every model grid point independently of whether observations are available nearby or not. The reanalysis provides information without temporal and spatial gaps, i.e. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset taking into account the laws of physics. This system comprises 5 ensemble members from which one member is published in this catalogue entry.
![volleyball referee signals volleyball referee signals](https://img.vanguardvolleyball.com/what_is_the_importance_of_hand_signals_in_volleyball.jpg)
This dataset provides global ocean and sea-ice reanalysis (ORAS5: Ocean Reanalysis System 5) monthly mean data prepared by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) OCEAN5 ocean analysis-reanalysis system.